Export Licences: When You Need Permission to Sell Goods Out of a Country

Most products can be exported without a special licence. A smaller group needs permission from the government before they leave the country. Shipping them without it can lead to heavy penalties.

What is controlled Military goods and dual-use goods that have both civil and military uses are the best known. Some technology and software are controlled too. Certain plants and animal products and cultural items and natural resources also need approval in many countries.

Who decides The licence usually comes from a trade ministry or an export control office. Customs checks it at the border. Your country page names the authority.

What they look at The product and its technical details and where it is going and who will use it. Expect to give an end-user statement. Some destinations are restricted or banned.

Classify first Every product has a classification that shows whether it is controlled. Work this out before you quote a price. If you are unsure ask the authority for a ruling.

Tips Check the rules of the country you export from and also the rules of the country you ship to. Keep invoices and licences for years because audits happen after the shipment. Ask a customs broker to help with your first controlled shipment.

These are general guides, not legal advice. Rules differ by country and by product and they change often. Confirm the details with the regulator named on your country page or with an expert before you act.